Claudia Gambrah-Lyles, MD
Specialty in Pediatric Neurology
Dr. Gambrah-Lyles is a resident pediatrician at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. She is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (2019). She graduated cum laude and received her undergraduate degree in Biochemistry and Spanish from Washington University in St. Louis (2013). Her research explores the intersections between neurology, public health, and infectious disease. She has investigated nutrition and cerebral palsy in Botswana, and completed a year-long project in Brazil, researching growth and developmental outcomes of Zika virus infection in pediatric patients as a Doris Duke International Scholar. Dr. Gambrah-Lyles speaks four languages, loves staying active, and enjoys sharing her love for medicine through teaching and writing.
Practice names
Resident at Children Hospital of Philadelphia
Education and training
2020 - Present - Pediatric Residency, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
2014-2019 - Doctor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
209-2013 - BA (Biochemistry and Spanish), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, PA
Awards
Doris Duke International Clinical Research Fellow
Fulbright Scholarship Award Recipient
American Academy of Neurology Scholar
Certifications
PGY1 Pediatrician at Children Hospital of Philadelphia
Articles from Claudia Gambrah-Lyles, MD
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- Calcaneus fractures occur when a force that is stronger than the calcaneus itself is applied to the bone. They most commonly occur in high-energy trauma situations.
- Children experiencing a lump in the belly button may have a congenital anomaly, while belly button lumps in adults may be caused by a hernia, an inflammatory condition, or a mass.
- Pseudotumor cerebri is a condition that occurs when pressure inside the skull increases for no reason. Symptoms mimic a brain tumor, but no tumor is present.
- A cervical polyp is a common benign tumor on the surface of the cervical canal. They cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show little symptoms.
- Unexplained bruising from time to time shouldn't concern you. However, unexplained bruises that happen regularly shouldn't be ignored, as they may point to a more serious underlying condition. Unexplained bruising may be associated with other symptoms, such as fatigue and soreness. Read more below to learn why you may be experiencing random bruising.
- Reasons for why your back is so itchy can include an allergic reaction from certain hygienic products, chemicals, or plants. Another itchy back cause is shingles, also known as herpes zoster. Read below for more information on causes and how to relieve your back itch.
- Different skin conditions can cause one or multiple back bumps. The most common causes of a bump on the back include skin abscess, cysts, warts, or a back pimple. Other causes for lump on the back can arise from lipoma or non cancerous cell growth. Read below for more information on causes and how to treat back bumps.
- Mumps is a highly contagious infection that affects the salivary glands under the ears. It causes swelling in the side of the face, along with other symptoms.
- Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue around the bones. The condition is rare but can spread and divide quickly.
- Upper right abdominal pain can be caused by gallstones, a gall bladder infection, or a stomach ulcer. Inflammation or irritation of the organs can also cause pain there.
- Rotavirus causes severe, watery diarrhea and vomiting, most commonly in infants and young children. It’s a gastrointestinal virus, and is highly contagious, though milder in older children and adults.
- When blood stops flowing to the brain because of a clot or rupture (hemorrhage), it’s called a stroke. This is extremely dangerous because blood carries essential oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Learn about the three types of strokes and why you need to get to the ER as fast as possible.
- Bloom syndrome is a rare, inherited genetic disease passed through families. It is characterized by small stature, a thin frame, and an increased cancer risk.
- Most commonly a painful lump on the back occurs when there is an underlying skin condition like a cysts, skin abscess, boil, or a pimple on the back. More serious causes of painful back bumps include lipoma and dermatofibroma. Read on for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Fanconi anemia is a rare disease passed down through families that mainly affects the bone marrow. It results in decreased production of all types of blood cells.
- Post-concussion syndrome occurs after a concussion from a traumatic blow to the head. After the main symptoms of a concussion fade, people are left with lingering symptoms for months or years.
- This pain is commonly caused by stomach-related issues like indigestion or stomach ulcer, inflammation of the right or left side organs, or an injury.
- Butt bumps may be painful, red, or itchy. The most common causes for bumps on the butt include skin conditions like cysts, boils, warts, or skin abscess. Allergens to hygienic products, chemicals, or plants can also cause itchy, red bumps on on the butt.
- Ear swelling can be caused by an infection of the outer or inner ear, or a skin infection like cellulitis. Other causes of a swollen earlobe can arise from irritation from allergies or trauma from an injury or piercing.
- A hard abdominal lump can feel painful and be associated with bloating, gas, or constipation. It ca be caused by a cyst, wart, or abscess. A lump above the belly button can also be caused by a hernia.
- Are you experiencing swelling in your anus? A swollen anus may actually be due to a swollen rectum, since the two parts of the body are so closely related. Anal and rectal swelling range in severity, from common conditions that you can treat at home, such as hemorrhoids, to conditions that require a doctor's care, such as cellulitis. Read more below to learn what may be causing swelling around your anus and rectum, and possible treatments.
- Pain around the belly button is often associated with the cecum, the appendix, ascending colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, or the right ureter.
- Having abdominal pain after eating, also known as postprandial pain, is caused by a range of issues, but typically triggered by the foods you eat, like spicy or fatty foods.
- Do you have breast pain before your period? After menopause? Learn about the hormonal, structural and cancerous causes of breast pain on the right or left side.breast
- Sharp abdominal pain could be caused by gas or could mean you need immediate medical attention. Learn about 10 causes for severe abdominal pain and understand whether or not to worry.
- A mass or abdominal lump on the lower left abdomen can most commonly be caused by skin conditions like cysts, abscess, or growth of fatty tissue known as lipoma. If you have a lump that causes pain on the left side of the abdomen, you may also have a hernia or an ovarian cyst if you are female.
- Do you have nipple pain when you breastfeed? Do you have sharp or burning nipple pain? Learn about the ten most common causes of nipple pain in men and women.
- Acute abdomen refers to sudden, severe abdominal pain and is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and care. A few other symptoms include fever, constipation, and bloody stool.
- If you have a lump in front of your ear, you may also be experiencing pain. It can be caused by underlying skin issues like skin cysts, abscess, warts, or even a pimple. Growth of skin cells, called a lipoma, can also cause a bump there.
- Hemophilia B is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a lack of blood clotting factor IX. People with hemophilia experience frequent bruising and prolonged bleeding.
- Pain in the lower left abdomen may be from constipation or gas, kidney stones, or a hernia. In women, menstruation or ovarian cysts can also cause pain there.
- Understand nipple inversion symptoms, including 3 causes & common questions.
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly begins attacking the body's tissues and joint linings
- Uncontrollable coughing fits may signify a serious underlying problem, and causes include chronic respiratory disease and infectious, environmental, and mechanical causes.
- If you are throwing up black or brown vomit, you may be experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which may be a medical emergency. If there are related symptoms like abdominal pain or bloody stools, go to the ER. Other less serious causes of dark brown vomit include eating certain foods or liquids, or a side-effect from medication.
- Anything that your kidney filters & excretes via the urinary tract can cause cloudy urine. Urinary tract infections, certain antibiotics, dehydration, and STDs can cause cloudy urine with or without pain.
- If you notice your diarrhea looks like mucus, this may be due to a viral infection, food poisoning, or a sign of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It can also be associated with stomach cramps and nausea.
- Understand difficulty walking symptoms, including 10 causes & common questions.
- Are you experiencing something crawling on your head or a tingling sensation in the scalp? The medical term for this condition is called formication and it is quite common. Formication is also a type of paresthesia which is defined as tingling dermal sensations. Causes of crawling sensations on the scalp include delusional infestations, hallucination, substance abuse, a parasitic infestation, side effects from medication, or issues with the neurologic system. Read below for more information on why you may feel like bug are crawling on your head.
- Understand your groin lump symptoms with Buoy, including 9 causes and common questions concerning your groin lump.
- Understand your knee stiffness symptoms, including 8 causes & common questions.
- Light-colored stools in infants or adults can be caused by lack of bile in the digestive system. Hepatitis B, irritable bowel syndrome, or a stomach infection can cause clay-colored stool, also known as acholic stool.
- Do you constantly wake up in a pool of sweat? Night sweats refer to excessive perspiration at night despite removing heaving bedding & are common in men & women.
- Nose pain is commonly associated with problems inside the naval cavity. Less often, a sore nose can be caused by issues with one or more of the nerves that control sensation to the face.
- Experiencing pain in both forearms could implicate repetitive strain from overuse, or trauma from an injury. Compressed and damaged nerves, or a wrist sprain can cause aching and sore forearms. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- There are many causes of hip lumps, from trauma from a fall to overuse injuries to skin conditions to nerve damage. Find out what's causing your hip pain and how to treat it.
- Understand your painful sex symptoms, including 9 causes & common questions.
- A painless lump on the chest can most commonly be caused by a skin condition like an abscess, wart, or cysts. Rare causes for a painless chest wall lump include non cancerous cell growth known as lipoma, dermatofibroma, or breast cancer. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- A red penis can be caused from sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia or genital herpes, or a urinary tract infection. An overlooked cause of redness on the penis is chemical irritation from hygienic products. Read below for more information on penile redness and treatment options.
- Penis irritation and itchiness could look like a rash, red bumps, or blisters on the penis. An itchy penis is most commonly caused by skin infections, chemicals used in hygiene products, or a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease. Read below for more information on related symptoms, other causes, and treatment options.
- The ribs enclose many organs, so rib pain from coughing, breathing, sneezing or laughing can have a variety of causes, including pulmonary, musculoskeletal and cardiac issues that range in severity. Read more below to learn what may be causing your rib pain from coughing, breathing, sneezing, or laughing, and how your doctor may treat it.
- Understand your severe jaw pain symptoms, including 7 causes & common questions.
- Sharp knee pain symptoms are often a sign of a serious knee injury. Learn about the causes of severe knee pain and treatment options for stabbing knee pain.
- Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, when climbing a flight of stairs can be caused by a respiratory condition like COPD or asthma. Cardiac conditions can also cause a fast heartbeat with shortness of breath. Read now for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Experiencing one leg swelling can often be caused by a blood clot located in a deep vein, also known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Other common causes include trauma from an injury that can lead to bruises, fractures, or sprains.
- Are your fingers swollen in the morning? Is it difficult to remove your rings? Learn about the top 10 causes of swollen fingers and relief options.
- Understand swollen shoulder symptoms, including 8 causes & common questions.
- Individuals with swollen toes may also be experiencing pain, discoloration of the toes, or limited range of motion. Common causes of toes swelling include bacterial or fungal infection of the toe or toenail, an injury to the toes that may also cause purple toes, or inflammation of the toe joints. Gout is a common form of arthritis that causes swollen big toes. Read below for more causes and treatment options for swollen toe.
- Trouble swallowing, or dysphagia, is the inability to swallow foods and liquids with ease. Difficulty swallowing can be caused by anxiety, acid reflux & anemia.
- A bruised upper arm can be painful and restrict your range of motion. The bruise is often purple or yellow, and often just needs time to heal. But sometimes there is an underlying cause.
- A swollen vagina is often accompanied by other conditions, such pain, discharge, or itching, and can be caused by inflammation, obstruction, or trauma.
- An endometrial polyp is a usually noncancerous growth attached to the inner wall of the uterus, common for women undergoing or who have completed menopause.
- Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection and is spread from contaminated food or water, or an infected person. Hepatitis A is preventable by vaccine.
- Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy during the day and has great difficulty being awakened from sleep. Read on main symptoms, causes and treatment options.
- Lupus is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system attacking itself and can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal condition common in women of reproductive age, resulting in menstrual abnormalities and an excess of androgen testosterone.
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a serious, life-threatening skin condition characterized by redness, severe blistering, widespread skin detachment and peeling.
- Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, long-term inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, involving ulcers and sores of the large intestine and rectum.
- While there is an array of color and consistency to vaginal discharge, it it's quite common and normal to have bloody vaginal discharge after your period. Other causes of bloody mucus or brown discharge can arise from periods based on your age, bacterial or yeast infections, or an STD.
- Stress and tension are just two reasons your neck may be feeling stiff. Other causes include injury, sleeping position, age, and inflammation.
- Noticing one thigh swelling can be a cause for concern. Trauma from an injury can cause compartment syndrome which can lead to a swollen thigh above the knee. Deep vein thrombosis or a thigh bruise are also common causes of a swollen thigh.
- Most people have experienced numbness in hands or arms from everyday occurrences like sleeping on your arm or holding a certain position too long. But, what about numbness in toes? Numb toes aren't as common, and can be worrisome. Causes include circulatory, systemic disease, environmental, and inflammatory, so it's important to contact your doctor. Read below to learn more about what causes toe numbness, possible treatments, and more.
- Most bumps on the upper leg are benign and caused by underlying skin conditions like cysts, boils, abscess, or folliculitis. Other causes of bump on upper thigh include dermatofibroma, or lipoma.
- Most commonly, an upper leg itch can be caused by irritation from allergens and bug bites. Itchy thighs can also be caused by stress and restless leg syndrome. Read below for more causes and how to relieve inner thigh itch.
- Upper left or right arm weakness can be caused by nerve damage or compression of the shoulder, repetitive strain injury of the shoulder, or a pinched nerve in the neck.
- Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition that damages the middle layer of the eye. It may be the result of an eye problem or it may be a symptom of an inflammatory process affecting multiple parts of the body. 20-40% of people with an arthritis condition called ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid arthritis develop anterior uveitis. Read below on different parts of the eye that can have uveitis, accompanying symptoms, major categories of anterior uveitis causes, and treatment options that doctors may prescribe.
- Fibromyalgia causes chronic pain throughout the body in addition to muscle pain, tenderness, and joint stiffness. Fortunately, new treatment strategies are helping patients better cope with fibromyalgia.
- Interstitial nephritis is a kidney condition characterized by swelling in between the kidney tubules. Symptoms include fatigue, itching, urinary changes, and twitching.
- Long QT syndrome is an electric heart rhythm disorder that can cause fast, chaotic heartbeats. Severe symptoms are sudden fainting and seizures.
- This article will cover the symptoms, causes, and management of primary ovarian insufficiency. Primary ovarian insufficiency is a loss of normal function of the ovaries before age 40, also known as early menopause.
- Red armpits can also be itchy, painful, or appear as little red dots. The most common cause of red armpits is an allergic reaction to certain hygienic products or chemicals. Other irritants that cause redness in the armpit include scabies or infected hair follicles.
- Urine could have foul, strong, or sweet smelling characteristics. The most common causes of bad smelling urine are dehydration, dietary changes, or a side-effect of medication. Less commonly, strong smelling urine can also be caused by infection, high blood sugar, or liver damage.
- Understand your bright red (bloody) urine symptoms, including 10 causes and common questions.
- Understand cold intolerance symptoms, including 6 causes & common questions.
- Understand your cold skin symptoms with Buoy, including 5 causes and common questions concerning your cold skin.
- Dry skin between the toes is usually caused by a fungal infection known as athlete's foot. Other causes for cracks between toes can arise from contact dermatitis or skin infections. Read on for more information about causes and treatment options.
- Dark brown urine is usually a sign of an underlying medical condition and should always be checked up by a doctor, especially if you experience painful urination or there is blood in the urine. Bacterial infections of the urinary system, certain antibiotics, eating large amounts of fava beans or severe dehydration are some of the main causes for urine to turn brown. Below we will review causes for dark brown urine, remedies at home, and tests needed to be performed at a doctor’s office.
- Aching knees can be caused by damage to knee cartilage, ligaments, tendons, or other muscle tissues. The most common cause of achy knee pain include a meniscal injury, patellofemoral pain syndrome, or runner's knee. Read on for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Are you experiencing a dull ache in your thigh? The thigh contains one major bone and many muscles, nerves, and arteries, so aching thighs may signify an underlying condition that needs medical attention.
- Are you feeling itchy or tingling all over the body? You may be experiencing a skin-related issue like dermatitis or eczema, an allergic reaction from a certain food or plant, or you may be having a symptom of anxiety or depression. Unexplained itching all over the body can also be caused by kidney disease or scabies. Read below for more causes and how to treat itching or tingling all over.
- The constant urge to pass a stool is also known as tenesmus and may be associated with stomach pain. It is commonly caused by obstruction or contraction within the intestines, a bacterial infection, or a nerve abnormality in the digestive system.
- An itchy urethra in females is a symptom from an inflamed urethra. This condition is usually caused by urethritis or a yeast infection. Women who have an irritated urethra may also be experiencing burning when peeing, or itching around the vaginal area. Read below for more information on what causes female urethral itchiness and treatment options.
- Bruised toes or foot can also be swollen, painful, and often appear purple or blue. A bruised toe can be caused from a broken toe and fracture. A broken foot or ankle can also cause bruises on top of the foot. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Forgetfulness is a normal part of aging. However, forgetfulness can be a sign of a serious memory loss condition. Learn about the top 5 causes of forgetfulness.
- Gagging is usually caused by any foreign body that will irritate the lungs or bronchial tree. Acid reflux (GERD), inflammation of the epiglottis, or a mini stroke can cause a gag reflex. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- If you feel tingling in your genital area, you maybe be concerned about nerve damage, disruption of blood flow to the genitals, or sexual performance. A numb vagina or penis can be caused by cauda equina syndrome which is a rare disorder that affects the nerves located in the lower end of the spinal cord. This disorder can be either rapid onset, or slow onset. Read below for additional information on causes and treatment options for tingling genitals.
- There are many characteristics of vaginal discharge, however green discharge is an abnormal symptom caused from infection or chemical irritation. A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection that causes greenish discharge is vaginal trichomonas.
- Hand numbness is commonly the result of an injury or conditions that put pressure on nerves in one or both hands, a.k.a nerve compressions. Often this can feel like a dull burning sensation, numbness and tingling, or pins-and-needles. Here, we will discuss a few categories of causes - diabetes, neurologic, autoimmune, vascular - but the underlying conditions for numb hands are limited and should be seen by a doctor. Aside from discussing causes, we also will review numb hands treatments. Last but not least, we built you a free digital checker that will help you narrow down the choices for numb hands.
- If you found a hard back mass, it is most likely noncancerous. The most common causes for a hard lump on the back arise from skin conditions, like skin abscess, wart, or cysts on the back. Knots in the back can also appear as a hard back mass. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Are you concerned about the hard lump located on your foot? This may be a sign of injury, infection, arthritis, or abnormal growth of nerves, muscles, or soft tissue. Learn more about associated symptoms, causes and treatment options for your hard foot lump.
- Hard, small bumps on the forearm are most commonly caused by skin conditions that form cysts, warts, or abscess. A hard, painful lump on the forearm can be caused by trauma from an injury, or even an insect bite. Other less common causes include fatty tissue growth that forms a hard lump under the skin of the forearm. Learn more below about other causes and treatment options.
- Having a hoarse voice is a common symptom, and causes can include inflammatory, environmental, neuromuscular, and malignant conditions. Read more below to learn about hoarse voice causes, at-home treatments, when to see a doctor, and when it's an emergency.
- Incomplete evacuation of stools can be quite frustrating and may be caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation from dehydration, or medication side effects. Read below for more information on causes and how to empty bowels completely.
- Understand irregular period symptoms, including 10 causes & common questions.
- Jaw stiffness is often associated with pain, tenderness, or swelling, and be caused by a variety of conditions, including anatomy, inflammation-related causes, trauma-related causes, or excess stimulation. Read below to learn more about jaw stiffness and its causes.
- Numbness in the left shoulder is often caused by low-urgency conditions that can be treated by your primary care doctor, and range from common issues like a pinched nerve in the neck to uncommon conditions like brachial plexopathy.
- Itchy lower legs can be a nuisance and have related symptoms of redness, bumps on the lower legs, dryness, and pain. The many causes of a lower leg itch include skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis, damage to the nerves that may be caused by diabetes, or an allergic reaction from plants, foods, or insects.
- Numbness in lower legs may be accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, burning, and difficulty walking, and causes can be mechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory, amongst others.
- Numbness around and on the mouth commonly occurs during an allergic reaction to certain foods or chemicals. A cold sore or low calcium levels can also cause the mouth to feel numb. Read on for more information on different causes and how to treat a tingling mouth.
- Lymph nodes in the neck can become painful for a variety of reasons, including an infection. Learn about your symptoms, possible causes, and treatment options.
- Neck swelling is caused by a buildup of fluid. It can be painful and accompanied by fever. When it is on one side, it may be due to one of these 7 conditions.
- Are you noticing numbness in your thigh? Numbness in the thigh ranges in severity and causes can be mechanical, metabolic, inflammatory, or iatrogenic. Thigh numbness is often felt on the outer thigh, though it sometimes reaches the knee, and is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as burning or tingling.
- Numbness in the upper area of one arm can be caused by an injury, a compressed nerve, or muscle overuse. Other causes of numbness and tingling in the upper arm include a pinched nerves within the neck or a mini stroke. Figure out what is causing it and how to get relief.
- Outer ear pain can most commonly be caused by environmental conditions such as water exposure or extreme cold weather that can lead to frostbite of the outer ear. Other causes for ear pain include irritation from obtrusive objects like cotton swabs or fingers.
- Understand your pain in the back of the knee symptoms, including 8 causes & common questions.
- Pain in the middle knuckle of the finger is usually caused by trauma from an injury or inflammation of the joints within the hand. Rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis can cause swelling and knuckle pain.
- There are many causes for why one side of your face may be hurting. Usually pain on side of the face can be caused from sinus infection with can also lead to sinus headaches. Other causes include facial cellulitis, dental complications, or trauma from an injury.
- If you are experiencing pain or soreness on the roof of your mouth, this could be due to inflammation from infection or an allergic reaction. Pain can also occur from irritants like smoking, dental trauma, or eating certain foods.
- Painful erections, also known as priapism, is generally not normal and individuals with this condition must pay attention to the duration of the erection. There are many causes of erection pain, most of them include problems with blood flow and circulation of blood to the penis. Other causes may arise from medication side effects, trauma to the penis, or urethritis. Read below for more information on causes and treatments for painful erections.
- Painful mouth sores are an uncomfortable condition that can make everyday activities such as eating and talking very difficult. Painful mouth sores are often a signal of an underlying infectious or systemic condition that requires medical attention.
- Painful scalp bumps are usually non-serious and easily treatable. The common culprit of painful bumps on the scalp is inflammation from eczema or acne which can cause pimples on the scalp. Infected hair follicles or allergens from shampoos or hair products can also cause painful and itchy bumps on the scalp. Read more below for causes and treatment options.
- Why does it hurt when you pee? Painful urination, also known as dysuria, is commonly caused by issues in the urinary tract that results in burning sensation when urinating, or increased frequency to urinate. A urinary tract infection, urethritis, a yeast infection, and sexually transmitted infections are some of the causes of painful urination. Read below for more related symptoms, other causes, and treatment options.
- Understand your pus leaking from the ear symptoms, including 6 causes and common questions.
- A rash on one lower leg can appear red, blotchy, or have a dry and scaly texture. Most rashes on the lower leg are caused by dermatitis, eczema, or an allergic reaction which will look like red, itchy bumps on the leg.
- Red spots in the mouth can occur on the lips, roof of the mouth, and tongue. They are usually caused by infection from bacteria, a virus, or fungus. Other causes of red spots are cold sores, and reactions to certain foods, smoking, or stress.
- Redness on the penis tip is also known as balanitis and those who are uncircumcised are more at risk. Redness on the penis head is often associated with itching, swelling, or pain with urination. Common causes include penis irritation caused by hygienic products and chemicals, urethritis, scabies, or sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia. Read below for more causes and treatment options for redness at the tip of the penis.
- A sore scalp can be caused by infected hair follicles, scalp pimples, or tension from certain hairstyles that may pull the hair too tight. Other causes for scalp tenderness include trauma from a head injury, or underlying skin condition like eczema or cellulitis. Read on for more information on causes and treatment options.
- Red testicles can have associated symptoms of pain, itchiness, swelling, or dryness of the skin. Common causes for scrotal redness include allergic reactions to hygienic products, chemicals, or medication. In addition, skin conditions like eczema and scabies can cause a red scrotum.
- Severe pain in the upper arm is usually caused by trauma from an injury that can lead to bruising, dislocation, or fractures of the bone. Other causes of sharp pain in the upper arm can arise from infection to the upper arm skin, bones, or nerves.
- A benign, or harmless, lump on the shin may be caused by underlying skin conditions like cysts, warts, or abscess. Other causes include trauma from an injury, or abnormal cell growth that can be non-cancerous like a lipoma.
- Are you noticing a hard lump on your shoulder? Lumps on the shoulder are often associated with traumatic events, however, causes can also be inflammatory, cancerous, or environmental. It's important to pay attention to the lump on your shoulder and its associated symptoms to determine if you should seek medical attention. Read below to learn 8 possible causes, treatment, and more.
- Wear-and-tear from repeated motion can do a number on your shoulder joint. Weight-lifting, sports like tennis, even aging can make the joint feel like it’s locking or popping after a lot of activity. Treatment is based on which of the shoulder's three bones is causing the pain.
- The sinuses are pockets of air that protect the body from outside germs by producing mucus. Sinus pain is an aching sensation around your nose, ears & eyes.
- Finding stool in the vagina means there's an abnormal connection from the large intestines, the rectum, and the vagina. This condition is called rectovaginal fistula.
- Often a swollen forearm is caused by insect bite or contact to certain plants. Forearm swelling with pain may be the result of trauma from an injury. You may also notice redness, sensitivity to touch, and swelling of the hand.
- Swelling of the nose, either internal or external, can be frustrating and sometimes painful. Swelling inside of the nose can be caused from irritation from an obtrusive object, inflammation from allergies, or nasal polyps. Outside nose swelling can also be caused from allergic reactions or trauma from an injury.
- A swollen wrist is usually a symptom after a traumatic injury, including wrist sprains, bruising, or bone fractures. Other causes of swelling in the wrist can arise from overuse or arthritis which is caused by inflammation of the joints. Read below for more information on causes and treatment options.
- A testicular lump is an abnormal mass that forms in the testicles. Testicular lumps can be painless or painful. Learn about the top 6 testicular lump causes.
- A numb or tingling tongue can feel weird and be related to tongue swelling, itching, and weakness. Tongue numbness is most commonly caused by an allergic reaction from eating certain foods or chemicals, low calcium levels which is also known as hypocalcemia, a bacterial infection like Lymes disease, or a condition involving the nervous system. Read below for more causes and treatment options for a numb tongue.
- Are you experiencing vaginal bleeding outside of your normal menstrual cycle, after sex, or after menopause? It's important to recognize patterns of vaginal bleeding outside of your normal menstrual cycle so you can talk to your doctor.
- Having an itchy vagina is quite a common symptom of either a yeast infection, contact dermatitis of the vagina, or atrophic vaginitis. Learn how to know the difference.
- Are you experiencing a warm or wet feeling inside one or both ears? There are a number of reasons it feels like there's water in your ear, and most are common and can be treated by your primary care doctor.
- The common cold is a frequent and regular viral infection of the nose and throat. Conditions are usually harmless and symptoms resolve within two weeks.
- A dermatofibroma is a common benign skin growth that usually appears on the lower legs. They can appear alone or in groups and are painless but may be tender or itchy.
- Hepatitis B is a liver infection and is spread by sharing infected bodily fluids. This condition often does not show symptoms but chronic cases can cause serious damage.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and causes warts around the genitals and other surrounding areas.
- Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the kidneys that results in too much protein excreted into your urine. It is usually associated with damaged kidneys.
- Osteonecrosis is a process in which bone cells deteriorate and die. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) occurs specifically in the cells of the maxilla and mandible.
- Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are extra, abnormal heartbeats that begin in the lower chambers of the heart instead of the upper chambers.
- Wrist sprain is often associated with traumatic events but can also stem from chronic issues such as repetitive stress or from the normal aging process.
Publication Highlights
Claudia O. Gambrah-Sampaney, Jesse E. Passman, Andrielle Yost, Glen N. Gaulton. How Should Schools Respond to Learners’ Demands for Global Health Training? AMA J Ethics. 2019;21(9):E772-777. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2019.772.
Allison Johnson, Claudia Gambrah-Sampaney, Esha Khurana, James Baier, Esther Baranov, Baphaleng Monokwane, David R. Bearden. Risk Factors for Malnutrition Among Children With Cerebral Palsy in Botswana, Pediatric Neurology, Volume 70, 2017, Pages 50-55, ISSN 0887-8994, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.02.003.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
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Lupus Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
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